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5.1 介词+关系代词

定语从句 · 高一
先确认一下:这一关能不能学
上面这几节是它的地基 —— 没通的话,补完再回来,比硬啃快得多。
讲清楚它是什么

定义 介词与关系代词连用,引导定语从句修饰先行词,构成“介词+which/whom”结构。

从哪来 它建立在 6.1 高级句型 之上,是复杂从句结构的进阶应用。

为什么 英语中许多动词或形容词必须搭配特定介词(如 depend on, interested in)。当这些介词短语修饰名词时,介词不能悬空,必须随关系代词一起前置,以保持句法结构的完整性和逻辑的紧密性。

结构拆解法
适合逻辑型/视觉型学生。 将句子拆分为“主句+介词短语+定语从句”三部分。先写出“The book on which I wrote”,再还原为“I wrote on the book”。强调介词“on”必须紧跟关系代词“which”,因为它是动词“wrote”的固定搭配,不能省略或后置(除非是固定短语如 look after)。
语境推导法
适合语感型/故事型学生。 通过生活场景引入:“你依赖谁?”(Who do you depend on?)→ 把“who”变成先行词“the person”→ “The person whom you depend on”。让学生体会介词“on”是动作“depend”的一部分,像胶水一样把关系代词粘在前面,不能丢掉。
对比排除法
适合易混淆/纠错型学生。 对比“介词+关系代词”与“关系副词”。例如:The reason why he was late = The reason for which he was late。强调:如果介词是抽象的(如 for, about, with),且后面接的是抽象名词(reason, question, topic),则必须用“介词+which/whom”;如果介词是具体的(如 in, on, at),且后面接的是时间/地点名词,则可用关系副词(when/where),但“介词+which”依然正确且更正式。
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练一道
基础题
The man _______ I spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
变式
This is the factory _______ my father works. A. which B. where C. in which D. A and C
试试手自己判
检测题
The problem _______ we discussed yesterday is very important. A. which B. that C. about which D. about that
看答案和判分标准
答案:C
判对标准:
1. 学生能识别先行词 "The problem"。
2. 学生能还原从句 "We discussed the problem about yesterday" 或 "We discussed about the problem yesterday"(注:discuss 通常直接接宾语,但此处若强调“关于”的问题,常用 about which。更严谨的题目应为:The problem about _______ we argued... 或 The problem which we discussed...。为符合“介词+关系代词”考点,修正题目为:The problem about _______ we argued yesterday is very important. A. which B. that C. about which D. about that。答案:A。若题目为 The problem about _______ we argued... 则选 A。若题目为 The problem _______ we argued about... 则选 A。为明确考点,最终检测题定为:The problem about _______ we argued yesterday is very important. A. which B. that C. about which D. about that。答案:A。解析:介词 about 已前置,故只能选 which,不能选 that,也不能重复介词。)

修正后的检测题:
The problem about _______ we argued yesterday is very important.
A. which B. that C. about which D. about that
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